The N-nitrosation approach from fluorescence nitric oxide recognition mechanisms

Abstract

ROS (Reactive oxygen species) represent free molecules and radicals (the species containing a single unpaired electron) obtained from molecular oxygen. Broadly speaking, ROS include hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxide without unpaired electrons, and on the other hand, peroxyl (ROO•−), superoxide ( •O2 − ), hydroxyl (•OH− ), nitric oxide (•NO) radicals, nitrogen dioxide (•NO2), peroxynitrite (•ONOO− ), alkoxy (RO• ) radicals. The ROS are the outcomes of aerobic life. Living things constantly produce, transform, and consume ROS as long as they survive. The general opinion about ROS is that aging occurs with the weakening of organs with the oxidative stress they cause and the damage it causes. The NO• , a short-lived and a liberate radical molecule, manages important mechanisms in biological processes. This radical can be carcinogenic with free amines, creating acid rain and potential NO species (NO2, N2O3, N2O4). Additionally, NO can cause hypertension and genetic disorders due to DNA mutation. Furthermore, it causes basic biological system diseases. Briefly, it is important to investigate NO in biological processes and to find simple and effective solutions for NO determination. In recent years, fluorescence spectroscopy has attracted attention due to its features such as being suitable for the determination of many species, having high selectivity and sensitivity, and cheap and easy to use. Many different mechanisms are proposed in fluorescence studies for NO. These mechanisms range from the benzotriazoles from the o-phenyldiamine group to N-nitrosation and deamination mechanisms. Within the scope of this study, the N-nitrosation mechanism was evaluated and discussed.