The Contribution of GIS to Analyzing Hydrological, Topographical, and Geomorphological Features in the Tidili-Tiouine Basin, Draa, Morocco

Abstract

It is not paradoxical that a country like Morocco, characterized by its semi-arid climate, experiences periodic exposure to significant flood damage. This phenomenon, increasingly conspicuous over the past two decades, arises, on one hand, from population growth, economic development, and the expansion of urban, agricultural, industrial, and tourist activities, resulting in an augmented occupation of vulnerable areas. On the other hand, it is a consequence of the intensification of extreme events, including droughts and floods, stemming from climate change that induces intense storms, leading to swift and devastating floods. The Draa basin, particularly its mountainous section, is notably susceptible to flooding. Hence, this thorough examination of the Tidili-Tiouine watershed becomes imperative. The objective is to ascertain the physical characteristics of the basin, an indispensable prerequisite for comprehending the mechanisms of flow and a fundamental component in the execution of projects aimed at safeguarding against the risk of overflow. Geographic Information System (GIS) provides an efficient method for monitoring and tracking changes in the watershed over time, contributing to a more proactive approach in the management of natural resources. In essence, the role of GIS in the topographic and geomorphological study of a watershed introduces fresh perspectives for the sustainable management of hydrological ecosystems. The spatial visualization of data, accomplished through thematic maps, facilitates the communication of results in an accessible manner. These maps allow for the visual presentation of crucial watershed characteristics, which is essential for informed decision-making by researchers, decision-makers, and stakeholders.