Geothermal energy in the world, the case of Morocco "Essaouira Basin"

Abstract

Geothermal energy is a widely distributed resource globally. Countries situated on active tectonic zones, such as Iceland, the Philippines, and New Zealand, actively harness this energy source. However, even in less tectonically active areas, geothermal energy can be utilized with appropriate technologies. Geothermal power plants of varying capacities operate on every continent, contributing to the transition towards more sustainable energy sources. Morocco possesses a notable geothermal potential, primarily concentrated in mountainous regions and the northeastern part of the country. Geothermal projects in Morocco have predominantly focused on direct building heating and supplying hot water. Nevertheless, there is a growing interest in harnessing geothermal energy for electricity production. Morocco aims to diversify its energy mix by tapping into its geothermal resources, a move that would enhance energy security while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The Essaouira basin in Morocco is renowned for its geothermal potential, as indicated by previous studies. Geological surveys have identified thermal reservoirs in the region, providing opportunities for harnessing subterranean heat.